Vitamin D. Vol 1

Section I: History, chemistry metabolism, circulation & regulation. Historical overview of vitamin d -- Evolutionary biology: mysteries of vitamin D in fish -- Evolution of human skin color and vitamin D -- Photobiology of vitamin D -- The activating enzymes of vitamin D metabolism (25- and 1[alpha]-hydroxylases) -- CYP24A1: structure, function, and physiological role -- The vitamin D binding protein DBP -- Regulation of renal and extra-renal 1[alpha]-hydroxylase -- Section II. Mechanism of action. Genome-wide perspectives on vitamin D receptor-meditated control of gene expression in target cells -- Diverse mechanisms of transcriptional regulation by the vitamin D receptor -- Structural basis for ligand activity in VDR -- Ligand independent actions of vitamin D receptor -- Vitamin D and chromatin -- Mesenchymal differentiation, epigenetic dynamics, and interactions with VDR -- Vitamin D and microRNAs -- Vitamin D sterol/VDR conformational dynamics and nongenomic actions -- Section III. Mineral and bone homeostasis. Vitamin D regulation of osteoblast function -- Osteoclastogenesis and vitamin D -- Vitamin D activities in osteocytes -- Regulation of intestinal calcium and phosphate absorption -- Calbindin-D28K and calbindin-D9K and the epithelial calcium channels TRPV5 and TRPV6 -- Calcium homeostasis and eggshell biomineralization in female chicken -- Mineralization in mammals -- Cartilage -- Vitamin D and bone: an integrated approach -- Section IV. Extra-skeletal targets. Vitamin D and the kidney -- Vitamin D and the parathyroids -- The calcium-sensing receptor and vitamin d -- Vitamin D in dentoalveolar and oral health -- The role of vitamin D and its receptor in hair follicle biology -- Vitamin D, calcium and the epidermis -- Vitamin D and the cardiovascular system -- Vitamin D brain development and function -- Vitamin D, VDR and adipose tissue: focus on cellular mechanisms -- Vitamin D and skeletal muscle -- Understanding vitamin D from mouse knockout models -- Section V. Human physiology. Pharmacology and pharmacokinetics -- Vitamin D role in the calcium and phosphorus economies -- Fetus, neonate and infant -- Consequences of perinatal vitamin D deficiency on later bone health -- Adolescence and acquisition of peak bone mass -- Pregnancy, lactation, and post-weaning recovery -- Role in reproductive biology and reproductive dysfunction in women -- Vitamin d, reproductive biology, and dysfunction in men -- Vitamin D and the renin-angiotensin system -- Parathyroid hormone, parathyroid hormone-related protein, and calcitonin -- FGF23 counter regulatory hormone for vitamin D actions on mineral metabolism, hemodynamics, and innate immunity -- Section VI. Diagnosis and management. Approach to the patient with metabolic bone disease -- Detection of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D in human serum using receptor assisted chemiluminescent hormone assay (REACH) technology -- Mass spectrometry assays of vitamin D metabolites -- Free vitamin d: concepts, assays, outcomes and prospects -- 25-hydroxyvitamin D assays: standardization guidelines, problems and interpretation -- Bone histomorphometry -- Radiology of rickets and osteomalcia -- High-resolution imaging techniques for bone quality assessment -- The role of vitamin D in orthopedic surgery -- The IOM-Endocrine Society controversy on recommended vitamin D targets: in support of the IOM Position -- The IOM-Endocrine Society controversy on recommended vitamin D targets: in support of the endocrine society position."