Atlas of ultrasound-guided regional anesthesia

Section 1: introduction to ultrasound imaging. Ultrasound -- Speed of sound -- Attenuation -- Reflection -- Beam width (slice thickness) -- Anisotropy -- Spatial compound imaging -- Doppler imaging -- Ultrasound transducers -- Transducer manipulation -- Needle imaging -- Approach and techniques -- Sonographic signs of successful injections -- Ultrasound-guided continuous peripheral nerve blocks -- Three-dimensional ultrasound -- Section 2: structures. Anatomic structures -- Skin and subcutaneous tissue -- Peripheral nerves -- Muscle -- Tendons and ligaments -- Arteries -- Veins -- Bone -- Pleura -- Peritoneum -- Section 3: upper extremity blocks. Lymph nodes -- Supraclavicular nerve block -- Interscalene and supraclavicular blocks -- Phrenic nerve imaging -- Dorsal scapular nerve imaging -- Suprascapular nerve block (anterior approach above the clavicle) -- Infraclavicular block -- Axillary block -- Musculocutaneous nerve block -- Forearm blocks -- Radial nerve block -- Median nerve block -- Ulnar nerve block -- Section 4: lower extremity blocks. Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve block -- Fascia iliaca block -- Femoral nerve block -- The adductor canal block -- Obturator nerve block -- Sciatic nerve block -- Anterior sciatic nerve block -- Popliteal block -- Posterior femoral cutaneous nerve (PFCN) block -- Ankle block -- Saphenous nerve block in the leg -- Deep peroneal nerve block -- Superficial peroneal nerve block -- Sural nerve block -- Tibial nerve block -- Section 5: trunk blocks. Intercostal nerve block. Pectoral nerve block (the pecs block) -- Transversus thoracis muscular plane block -- Rectus sheath block -- Ilioinguinal and iliohypogastric nerve blocks -- Transversus abdominis plane (tap) blocks -- Quadratus lumborum blocks -- Thoracic paravertebral block -- Pudendal nerve block in children, -- Neuraxial block -- Caudal epidural block -- Section 6: head and neck blocks. Supraorbital nerve block -- Mental nerve block -- Superior laryngeal nerve block -- Transtracheal block -- Greater occipital nerve block -- Lesser occipital nerve block -- Great auricular nerve block -- Cervical plexus block -- Stellate ganglion block (cervicothoracic sympathetic ganglion block) -- Section 7 : safety issues. -- Safety: practical techniques to prevent complications during ultrasound-guided nerve blocks -- Regional anesthesia in resource-constrained environments -- Appendices. Self-assessment questions: text -- Self-assessment questions: images -- Advanced self-assessment questions: text -- Advanced self-assessment questions: images."